Module 1.
Content module №1. Synthesis of the ICE workflow in differential form.

Topic №1. Classification and brief description of mathematical models for the synthesis of the internal combustion engine workflow. Basic assumptions and the basic system of equations of a zero-dimensional quasi-stationary thermodynamic model in differential form.
Topic 2. Numerical methods for solving the system of equations describing the change in the parameters of a working body in open thermodynamic systems.

Content module №2. Fuel combustion processes in internal combustion engines.

Topic #3. Physical and chemical essence of fuel combustion processes in an internal combustion engine cylinder. Features of fuel combustion for engines with spark ignition and compression ignition.
Topic 4. Methods of organising the combustion process.
Topic №5. Analysis of the combustion process by indicator diagram. The main phases of combustion in engines.

Content module №3. Mathematical modelling of fuel combustion processes in internal combustion engines.

Topic #6. Characteristics of heat generation. Wiebe's method for calculating heat release characteristics. The main advantages and limitations of the Wiebe method.
Topic №7. Formation of combustible mixtures.
Topic №8. Dynamics and structure of the sprayed fuel plume.
Topic 9. The equation of fuel evaporation in a diesel cylinder at the fuel supply section.
Topic №10. Equation of fuel combustion in a diesel cylinder.
Topic №11. Generalised equation of the diffusion combustion process in diesel engines.
Topic №12. Calculation of heat release characteristics by the Razleitsev method.

Module 2.
Content module №4. Mathematical modelling of heat and gas exchange processes in internal combustion engines.

Topic №13. Features of heat transfer processes in the working cylinder of an internal combustion engine and supercharger manifolds. Calculation of heat transfer coefficients from the working body to the cylinder walls.
Topic 14. Relative change in the mass of the working body, cylinder volume and cross-sections of the gas distribution bodies.

Content module №5. Mathematical modelling of the processes of incomplete combustion of fuel in an internal combustion engine.

Topic №15. Incomplete combustion of liquid fuels.
Topic №16. Equations of the dynamics of soot formation and combustion in a diesel cylinder.
Module 3: Course project.

● The basic system of equations of a zero-dimensional quasi-stationary mathematical model of an open thermodynamic system.● Study of numerical methods - Euler, Runge-Kutta, explicit and implicit and their comparison.● Analysing the main combustion phases using an engine indicator diagram.● Application of the Wiebe model for the synthesis of heat release characteristics.● Application of the Razlejtsev model for the synthesis of heat generation characteristics in engines with forced ignition.● Calculations of heat transfer coefficients from the working fluid to the cylinder walls.● Calculations of the wall temperature of heat-receiving surfaces of open thermodynamic systems.● Calculation of mass transfer between open thermodynamic systems for energy-insulated nozzle models.● Calculation of liquid fuel combustion products.

Laboratory work №1. Experimental determination of the injection characteristics of a diesel engine type 8CHN 12/12

Laboratory work №2. Experimental determination of the characteristics of heat emission of a diesel engine type 8CHN 12/12

Laboratory work №3. Experimental study of the joint operation of the turbine and compressor of the TKR-11 turbocharger as part of the 8CHN 12/12 engine

Laboratory work №4. Experimental study of the influence of inflated air temperature on the parameters of the working process of the 8CHN 12/12 engine

Laboratory work №5. Study of transient modes of operation of the 8CHN 12/12 engine 

The project objective is to acquire practical skills in synthesising the internal combustion engine's workflow using mathematical models based on solving systems of differential equations of the state of the working body in zero-dimensional and one-dimensional formulations, and performing an optimisation search for rational parameters of the engine's workflow, supercharging, and fuel supply; gaining experience in researching methods for improving the environmental and economic characteristics of the prototype engine.
Contents of the course project
1. Calculation and explanatory note (25...40 pages):
- cover sheet;
- assignment for the course project;
- table of contents;
- Introduction (the introduction should briefly state the purpose of the course project and the main expected results);
- description of the prototype engine;
- determination of initial data for the synthesis of the engine operating process when it operates at rated mode;
- calculation of the nominal mode of the prototype engine;
- study of the influence of engine design parameters and operating process parameters on performance;
- study of the fuel combustion process by finding a rational combination of fuel supply parameters and engine fuel system elements;
- proposals and justification of possible constructive measures or changes in the organisation of the workflow aimed at improving the performance of the prototype engine;
- conclusions (in the conclusion, it is necessary to provide the main results of the computational studies with an indication of the main quantitative and qualitative results of the work);
- list of references.
2. Graphic part:
● drawing of the engine cross-section;

● construction and comparison of indicator diagrams of the engine operating process obtained by two calculation methods (ideal cycle, Grinevetsky-Masing method).

Define the mathematical model of the internal combustion engine operating cycle. Provide a classification of the types of mathematical models you know, indicating the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Define an open thermodynamic system and write the basic equations of thermodynamics that are valid for an open thermodynamic system. Explain the term ‘zero-dimensional mathematical model’.
Represent an internal combustion engine as a set of combined open thermodynamic systems that can carry out mass, energy and heat exchanges between each other and the environment.
Write down the basic system of equations for the synthesis of the internal combustion engine's working process in differential form within the phenomenological zero-dimensional representation.
Name the forms of representation of the equations of state of the working bodies of an internal combustion engine that you know. Is it permissible to use the ideal gas model?
Justify the possibility of calculating work processes in an internal combustion engine cylinder within the framework of a zero-dimensional representation, estimate the rate of pressure equalisation and temperature in the cylinder.
Define the average and true heat capacity of a working fluid and indicate the features of their determination for different working fluids.
Give the calculation scheme of the Euler method for numerical integration of the basic system of equations describing the state of the working fluid in open thermodynamic systems of internal combustion engines. The disadvantages and advantages of this method.
Give the calculation schemes of the explicit Runge-Kutta method of the fourth order and the implicit Runge-Kutta method of the second order. Indicate the advantages of these methods compared to the Euler method.
Give examples and describe the methodology for assessing the accuracy of a particular numerical method for solving the problem of modelling the workflow of an internal combustion engine.
Explain the need to use multi-zone mathematical models in the synthesis of the internal combustion engine workflow, give examples.
Features of the organisation of mathematical modelling at a given power, cycle dose of fuel or excess air ratio. Why is it advisable to use calculations for engines with external mixing only at a given value of the excess air ratio?
Give the key elements of the engine, the calculation of processes in which it is advisable to perform in one-dimensional and three-dimensional mathematical models. Is it possible to combine mathematical models of different dimensions within the framework of a general model of the engine's workflow?
Give a general description of the heat transfer process in an internal combustion engine, what are the main ways of heat transfer and in which engine elements and corresponding open thermodynamic systems?
Convective heat transfer between the working body and the walls of the engine cylinder. Give the criterion equations you know (Nusselt, Pflaum, Voschni, Rosenblit) and indicate their features.
Ways to account for radiant heat transfer. For which engines is this type of heat transfer more important and why?
How is it possible to calculate local values of heat transfer coefficients within the framework of computational gas dynamics approaches?
Methods for determining the heat transfer from the cylinder walls to the cooling medium, give the criterion equations you know.
Determine the resulting gas temperatures and average heat transfer coefficient within the framework of a zero-dimensional heat transfer model.
Write down the system of equations for solving the problem of one-dimensional heat transfer in an internal combustion engine cylinder within the quasi-steady-state representation.
Explain the limitations on the possible use of the one-dimensional heat transfer model in calculating the average temperature of engine parts, in particular the cylinder bushing.
Modification of the one-dimensional model of heat transfer in an engine working cylinder to obtain a temperature curve of the cylinder bushing fire surface.
Experimental methods for studying heat transfer processes in an internal combustion engine cylinder and methods for verifying the adequacy of mathematical modelling.
Application of high-temperature cooling of internal combustion engine parts, principles, advantages and disadvantages, design schemes.
Determination of the total amount of heat removed per cycle to the engine coolants. Ways to reduce fuel energy losses when cooling engine parts.
Name the main ways you know of organising the working process of spark ignition engines with different types of external mixing. Give a description of each of the methods.
Describe the main features of fuel burnout when using spark ignition. Define the flame front and describe the processes that occur in the flame front.
Explain the chain nature of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in an engine cylinder, give an equation for determining the rate of formation of new reaction centres.Give the Wiebe equation for calculating the heat release characteristics of the combustion of a homogeneous fuel-air mixture in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine.
Explain how the Wiebe mathematical model can be adjusted for the available experimental data. Define and describe the effect of the parameter m (the nature of the combustion process) and the parameter φz (the duration of the combustion process).
The disadvantages of the mathematical model of fuel combustion proposed by Wiebe I. I. in modelling combustion processes in compression ignition engines and in modelling the combustion of non-homogeneous fuel-air mixtures.
Detonation in engines with forced ignition. The essence of the detonation process, features of the mathematical prediction of detonation in the engine cylinder and means of its avoidance.
Improvement of the mathematical model of I. I. Wiebe by identifying several phases of fuel burning.
Give the methods of mixture formation in compression-ignition engines (diesel engines) known to you when organising a split combustion chamber. Advantages and disadvantages.
Organisation of the working process in diesel engines when fuel is injected into an open combustion chamber: film, volumetric-film and volumetric mixing. Describe each of these types.
Use of the kinetic energy of the working fluid flow to improve the mixture formation and accelerate fuel combustion in diesel engines. Types of vortices that are specially organised in the working cavity. Types of inlet channels.
Give the structure and describe the dynamics of the fuel jet development when injecting fuel using a closed-type injector in accordance with the mathematical model of Razleitsev M. F.
Fuel injection characteristics and methods of their calculation. Statistical structure of the fuel plume, determination of the average diameter of the fuel plume droplets.
Lyshevsky's formulas for calculating the dynamics of fuel jets.
Fuel evaporation in the conditions of an internal combustion engine cylinder. Sreznevsky's equation and its use for calculating the characteristics of fuel evaporation in the method of Razleitsev M. F.
Delay of self-ignition of fuel. Methods for calculating the period of self-ignition using the equations of Tolstoy, Hiroyasu, etc.
Separation of several areas of fuel combustion in a diesel engine cylinder. Calculation of heat release in the area of delayed spontaneous combustion.
Calculation of heat release at the fuel injection site by the kinetic equations of Razleitsev M. F.
Calculation of heat release at the site of advanced fuel afterburning according to the kinetic equations of Razleitsev M. F.
Calculation of soot formation and burnout processes in the mathematical model of Razleitseva M. F.
Improvement of the mathematical model of diesel fuel combustion by means of a separate calculation of the dynamics of each fuel jet and its interaction with the walls of the combustion chamber.
Influence of exhaust gas recirculation on combustion processes and the need to take it into account when performing mathematical modelling.
Peculiarities of calculation of the combustion process of dual-fuel marine engines, in which the ignition of the main gaseous fuel is carried out by injecting an ignition dose of diesel fuel. Combination of the methods of I. I. Wiebe and M. F. Razleitsev.
The general principles of calculating the processes of fuel injection, evaporation and combustion within the framework of computational gas dynamics approaches.
Ways to reduce emissions of harmful substances from internal combustion engines by making changes to the organisation of the processes of mixture formation and fuel combustion.
Write down a system of equations for calculating the steady-state flow of gas within the model of an energy-insulated nozzle. How this model is used to calculate the processes of gas flow through gas distribution bodies.
Determine the flow coefficient of gas exchange bodies, the problem of taking into account friction during gas movement in the elements of the gas-air path of an internal combustion engine.
Describe the characteristics of compressors used for supercharging an internal combustion engine.

Main literature
1. Internal combustion engines. Theory: Textbook / V.G. Dyachenko; Edited by A.P. Marchenko - Kharkiv: NTU ‘KhPI’, 2008. - 488 p.
2. Marchenko AP, Pylov VO, Shekhovtsov AF Internal combustion engines: a series of textbooks in 6 vols. Т. 4. Fundamentals of CAD of internal combustion engines / edited by Prof. A. P. Marchenko and Honoured Worker of Science of Ukraine Prof. A. F. Shekhovtsov. Kharkiv: Prapor, 2004. 336 p.
3. Abramchuk F.I. Automobile engines: Textbook / F. I. Abramchuk, Y. F. Gutarevych, K. E. Dolganov, I. I. Timchenko - K.: Aristey, 2004. - 474 p.
4. Internal combustion engines: A series of textbooks in 6 volumes. Т.5. Ecologisation of Internal Combustion Engines / edited by A. P. Marchenko, A. F. Shekhovtsov. - Kh.
5. Diesel engine reference book / edited by B. Challen, R. Baranescu. - Oxford: Butterworth - Heinemann, 1999. - 714 p.
6. Heywood John B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals / John B. New York: McGraw Hill New York, 1988. - 930 p. - ISBN 0-07-100499-8.
7. Hiereth H. Charging the Internal Combustion Engine. Powertrain / H. Hiereth, P. Prenninger. - Wien: Springer Wien New York, 2007. - 268 p.
8. Mollenhauer, K. Handbook of diesel engines / K. Mollenhauer, H. Tschoeke. - Berlin: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. - 634 p.
9. Pounder's Marine Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines Eighth edition / Edited by Doug Woodyard. - Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004. - 884 p.
10. Nalyvaiko V.S. Characteristics of internal combustion engines and consumers / V.S. Nalyvaiko, S.G. Tkachenko, V.G. Khomenko - Mykolaiv: NUK, 2011. 95 p.
Supporting literature
1. Nalyvaiko V. S. Marine internal combustion engines: Textbook / V. Nalyvaiko, B. Tymoshevskyi, S. Tkachenko - Mykolaiv: Torubara V. V. Publisher, 2015. 332 p.
2. Marchenko AP, Ryazantsev MK, Shekhovtsov AF Internal Combustion Engines: A series of textbooks in 6 volumes. Volume 1: Development of designs of forced engines of land transport machines Textbook - Kharkiv: Prapor, 2004. 384 p.
3. Marchenko AP, Ryazantsev MK, Shekhovtsov AF Internal combustion engines: A series of textbooks in 6 volumes. Volume 2: Design of forced-induction engines of land transport machines Textbook - Kharkiv: Prapor, 2004. 288 p.
4. Isermann R. Engine Modeling and Control / R. Isermann. - Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York, 2014. - 646 p.


Information resources on the Internet
1. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine. Access mode: http://www.nbuv.gov.ua.
2. Scientific Library of the Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding. Access mode: http://lib.nuos.edu.ua.
3. Kharkiv State Scientific Library named after V. G. Korolenko. Access mode: http://korolenko.kharkov.com.